1924 July: Rescue Society met after twenty years

 
 

Horne and Sokolsky’s findings prompted the Society for the Rescue of the Chinese Jews (中国犹太人援助会) to reconvene, after twenty years, to again assist the Kaifeng Jews.

 

1924 August 13th: David Levy Wang (利未王)

 

Sent by the Rescue Society to Kaifeng

 

Given impetus by Alexander Horne and George A. Sokolsky, the newly reorganised Society for the Rescue of the Chinese Jews decided to send David Levy Wang, former assistant sexton of Shanghai’s Ohel Rachel Synagogue, to Kaifeng. The goal was to learn more about the latest state of the local Jewish community and find out how best to assist them.

 
 

Self-proclaimed Jew, descended from the Levites

 

Wang was a Chinese man born in Khotan (和田市), an oasis city along the ancient Silk Road located about 2000 miles west of Kaifeng. He claimed to be a Jew and that his family descended from the Levites. Wang could read a little Hebrew and could speak Mandarin, Turki, and some Russian. He was a wool trader by profession.

 
 

Thriving Jewish colonies in Khotan

 

Wang said there were still thriving Jewish colonies in Khotan. According to him, he raised 10,000 units in Chinese currency for the establishment of a synagogue and Hebrew school in Kashgar (喀什), nearly 300 miles to the northwest of Khotan. His principal donor was said to be General Ma Fu-xiang (马福祥, 1876–1932), a prominent Muslim warlord in northwest China, whose father was Jewish and whose mother was Muslim.

 
 

70 years old but looked 40

 

Wang said that men back home lived longer because they drank goat’s milk and, thus, even though he was 70 years old, he looked 40.

 
 

Population of 99, communal leader was Zhao Yun-zhong

David Levy Wong and the Kaifeng Jews at the compound of Canadian mission in 1924 [Zane Archives]

 

Once in Kaifeng, Wang wrote to the Rescue Society, “On the 13th August, 1924 we took a picture in the garden of the American Church Mission (Trinity Cathedral) at which more than ten people were present, all of them heads of families. The next morning, I gave a talk at the Mission attended by about a thousand people, Jews and Christians. After the meeting I asked two Jews, Mr Zhao and Shi Zhong-yong, to make a plan of the synagogue and to write the enclosed report.”

The document accompanying Wang's letter, which was sent to the Rescue Society, mentioned there were only ninety-nine Jews left in Kaifeng — most of them were impoverished. Their names, ages, and occupations were listed. The enclosed sketch of the plot of land that had once housed the synagogue showed that several private dwellings and other buildings now stood on it; a playground occupied the remainder of the space. The kehillah apparently nominated Zhao Yun-zhong as their communal leader and still considered themselves Jewish.

 
 

Sought support to start a Jewish school

 

Wang also visited the house of many Jews. Many claimed they were eager to get the community back together and welcomed any assistance they might offer; they suggested that the best place to start was a Jewish school.

Wang volunteered to move himself and his family to Kaifeng as soon as the necessary funds could be raised.

 
 

Imposter

 

For one reason or another — perhaps because they began to suspect that Wang was an imposter — the Jews of Shanghai decided to defer further action on the matter.

Wang eventually disappeared on one of his trips to the inland. It was possible that he had died of natural causes or was killed because China was a war zone at the time.

There is evidence that David Levy Wang was actually Joseph Wang and that he was not Jewish. Israel Cohen, who met him when he was a fellow guest at S.J. Solomon's Sabbath table, recorded: "Alas for human credulity! Joseph Wang, (he looked about 45 years old but was 67) of whose Jewishness and piety there was never any doubt, and who was employed as beadle of one of the synagogues (Ohel Rachel) was afterwards discovered (as I was recently informed by Rabbi W. Hirsche, on his way through London from Shanghai to Pretoria) to be a Mohammedan, who was engaged in obtaining contributions from the adherents of Islam in China for the alleged restoration of some Moslem temple."

 

1925 June: Last meeting of the Rescue Society

 
 

In June 1925, the Society for the Rescue of the Chinese Jews held its last meeting and terminated its operation. Even though the spirit was high amongst the members, they came to realise that nothing could be done for the Jewish kehillah in Kaifeng because the community had strayed even further from Judaism within the last twenty years; furthermore, the Rescue Society was also in a worse position financially compared to before.